How to Track Your Day's Progress on a Mac: Menu Bar Apps and Dock Timers
Apple's widget help covers widgets on the desktop and in Notification Center, not in the Dock. Moor's widgets include time progress, which shows how much of the day has passed (for example "Day 54%"). With Moor's Mast part it can sit in the menu bar as a one-line value, while Clock, Countdown and Focus Timer go in a Moor dock. Menu bar apps like Day Progress, YearBar and Progress Bar are alternatives.